Hi, fireboss,
#4 : Well, admittedly I'm not an expert here, but I don't think the computer for the MFD MPG can be recalibrated. Its calculations are based on the amount of fuel metered through the #1 (?) injector times 4 (for actual fuel used) & that is usually a lot more accurate than the manual calculations of miles driven divided by gallons pumped (theoretically replacing gallons consumed to travel those miles). However since there is not much consistancy of the full level when you re-fuel each time, manual calculations of MPG are only good if averaged over many tanks. You probably had a very low fill last time you re-fueled, so this time it replaced the empty space from that previous low fill & you filled the filler neck too (as well as spill'g about a gallon). Your 33 MPG was derived from includ'g the gas spilled. If you divide the 330 miles by 8.9 gals instead, you get 37 MPG & if you take out about a gallon more for the filler neck (that you normally don't ever fill that high), then that 7.9 gallons comes out to 41.7 MPG [if that filler neck holds closer to 2 gallons, then your MPG will come in around 47.8 (divid'g 330 miles by 6.9 gallons)].
Since your car is a 2008, it does automatically reset the MFD miles driven [if enough gas (at least 3 gallons) has been added], but your MPG read'g is a lifetime average (unless you reset that manually when you re-fuel). Priuses in '04 & '05 automatically reset the MFD MPG too (again, if at least 3 gallons is added) when it resets the MFD miles. If I had a 2006 or newer Prius, I would make it a habit to manually reset the MFD MPG, because I want to know how good the mileage is on THIS tank (not my present tank combined with what I was getting 2 years ago). The MPG on this tank could be way worse than normal because of extreme climate chg or terrain difference (CLIMBING up into higher mountainous elevations) but it wouldn't affect a lifetime average very much. Was your 53 MPG read'g your lifetime average or do you do manual resets at each refuel'g? If it was only the MPG for THIS tank, then I would only expect to pump in about 6 gallons of gas (330 divided by 53 = 6.22). If your pump doesn't shut off automatically when you get near what you expext to take on, then shut it off yourself. The auto-shutoffs are known to fail from time to time, so I'm always there with my hand on the trigger & watch'g the gallon counter closely. I've never had an auto-shutoff fail on me, but I'm always ready just in case. My wife (without me present) one time watched as a woman in front of her put the nozzle into her car & turned it on, then got into her car to touch up her makeup. She was totally oblivious to the fact that the shutoff failed & was pump'g gas all down the side of her car. By the time my wife got out of her car & over to that woman's car & pounded on her window to get her attention (the lady's stereo was blast'g), about 4 gallons was all over the ground. What a waste & an environmental issue too!! They then had to shut that pump down & spread speedy-dry to absorb the gas & shovel it up for proper disposal (all with only one person/cashier for the eight pumps), so that kind of screwed up everybody's time at the station that day.
#3 : The fuel gage or inclinometers can be recalibrated, but based on what I have already mentioned about using a "per-tank" MFD MPG reset & divid'g THAT into your miles travelled for a more accurate estimate of the amount of fuel used (& thus need'g to be replaced), I don't think that recalibration here will be necessary.
#1 & #2 : I think the material of the fuel bladder is very strong & wouldn't worry about having ruptured it. During an overfill, gas can get into the charcoal canister & go back down between the outside of the bladder & the inside of the metal tank wall. You will usually very shortly get some error codes & warn'gs then you will have to have the entire tank & filler neck replaced (expensive), but since you didn't seem to get any of those yet, you're probably safe THIS time. So do your math BEFORE you start to add gas & be ready with your hand on the trigger to stop it yourself, & do a manual reset each time you gas up.